What does hematochezia refer to?

Hematochezia refers to the passage of bright red blood in the stool, indicating that the source of bleeding is likely from the lower gastrointestinal tract, such as the colon or rectum. This condition can occur due to various issues, including hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or more serious conditions such as colorectal cancer. The presence of bright red blood is crucial in clinical assessment as it helps in localizing the source of the bleeding and guiding further diagnostic procedures.

In contrast, black, tarry stool indicates a different condition called melena, which typically results from upper gastrointestinal bleeding where blood had time to be digested. Coughing up blood, or hemoptysis, involves respiratory issues and is unrelated to bowel movements or stool. Blood in urine, or hematuria, pertains to issues within the urinary tract, further emphasizing the distinct nature of these symptoms compared to hematochezia. Understanding these differences is crucial for nursing practice and patient assessment.