What hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

The hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress is adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. When the body experiences stress, the hypothalamus signals the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline into the bloodstream. This hormone acts quickly to prepare the body to respond to a perceived threat, engaging the 'fight or flight' response. Adrenaline increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, and boosts energy supplies, allowing for immediate physical action.

Cortisol, while also produced by the adrenal glands and involved in the stress response, is released more gradually and serves to help manage longer-term stress rather than immediate reactions. Insulin and glucagon, produced by the pancreas, primarily regulate blood sugar levels and do not play a direct role in responding to stress. Thus, while adrenaline is a key player in the acute stress response, cortisol has a different role that is more focused on sustained stress.