What is the name of the IV complication where microorganisms enter the body via IV?

The correct answer is infection, which refers to the phenomenon where microorganisms enter the body through an intravenous (IV) line. This occurs when there is a breach in the skin barrier or contamination during the insertion of the IV catheter, manipulation of the IV site, or infusion of fluids. When pathogens are introduced into the bloodstream, they can multiply and lead to systemic infection, which may result in conditions such as bacteremia or sepsis.

In the context of IV therapy, it is vital to employ aseptic techniques to minimize the risk of introducing microorganisms and to monitor for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or fever, at the IV site or systemic signs. This makes infection a critical area of focus in nursing practice related to IV therapies.

Other options represent different complications that can occur with IV therapy. For instance, phlebitis involves inflammation of the vein rather than a direct infection by microorganisms. Circulatory overload refers to the excess fluid in the bloodstream, which can lead to heart failure or pulmonary edema, and air embolism involves the introduction of air into the vascular system, both of which are not related to microbial entry. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for safe and effective patient care in the context of IV therapy.