What IV complication is characterized by air entering the vein through the IV tubing?

Air embolism is a serious complication that occurs when air enters the venous system through the IV tubing. When air bubbles enter the bloodstream, they can obstruct blood flow, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions, including decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, and even stroke or heart failure if the air travels to vital areas.

Understanding the mechanism of an air embolism is crucial for nursing practice. It often happens if there is a break in the IV system or if the IV line is not primed properly, allowing air to be introduced. Preventive measures include ensuring that the IV line is securely connected, using bubble traps, and being cautious when changing IV bags or lines.

Other complications, such as infiltration, occur when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue; circulatory overload refers to an excess volume of fluid in the circulatory system; and phlebitis involves inflammation of the vein, often due to irritants in the IV solution or catheter placement. Each of these conditions has different causes and implications for patient care, distinguishing them clearly from the risks associated with air embolism.