Which model was developed by Nola J. Pender focusing on health promotion?

Nola J. Pender developed the Health Promotion Model, which emphasizes the importance of proactive approaches to health and well-being. This model is designed to guide nursing practices and interventions that empower individuals to take charge of their health. It focuses on the motivations and behavioral aspects of health, underlining how personal beliefs, experiences, and external influences contribute to the decisions individuals make regarding their health.

The model is built on the premise that people are motivated to engage in health-promoting behaviors to enhance their well-being. By considering factors such as perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, the Health Promotion Model equips healthcare professionals with a framework to encourage patients to participate in their own health management actively. This aligns closely with contemporary views on patient-centered care and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

The other options refer to different nursing theories. For instance, the Self-Care Theory primarily focuses on individual responsibility for self-care practices, while the Adaptation Model emphasizes the adaptation of individuals to changes and challenges in their environments. The Holistic Nursing Model looks at the whole person in the context of wellness, implying a more comprehensive view of care beyond health promotion alone. Each of these models has its place in nursing, but Pender's work particularly stands out in the context