Who identified five levels of nursing experience in her theoretical framework?

The identification of five levels of nursing experience is attributed to Patricia Benner, who developed the Novice to Expert theory. In her framework, she outlines a progression of nursing competencies from novice, who is just starting to gain experience, to expert, who has an extensive background and can perform with high proficiency and intuition in clinical situations.

Benner's model emphasizes the importance of practical experience in the development of nursing skills and knowledge. The stages she describes – novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert – illustrate how nurses evolve in their practice through hands-on experience and the integration of theoretical knowledge into their clinical work. This approach highlights the transition from reliance on rules and procedures to an ability to make nuanced decisions based on a deep understanding of clinical contexts and patient needs.

Understanding this framework is vital as it informs nursing education, practice, and professional development, providing a pathway for nurses to enhance their skills over time.